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Before their relocation along the Trail of Tears, southeast tribes found a need to curb cattle rustling and other violations of tribal laws. The Five Tribes organized tribal law enforcement units that came to be known as Lighthorse. They would respond to crimes such as stagecoach robberies, bootlegging and murder. For several years, the Lighthorse acted as judge, jury, even executioner. The Cherokee Lighthorsemen have their origins in Georgia, but were official formed in November 1844. The tribes continue to use the term “Lighthorse” to refer to their community policing units. We’ll hear about the history of “Lighthorse” and how they paved the way for tribal law enforcement.

GUESTS

Scott Ketchum (Choctaw Nation), Chickasaw Nation Endowed Chair in Native American Studies for East Central University

Julie Reed (Cherokee Nation), associate professor in history at Penn State University

Michelle Cooke (Chickasaw Nation), senior staff writer for the Chickasaw Press and author of Protecting Our People: Chickasaw Law Enforcement in Indian Territory

 

Break 1 Music: Two-Sidedness (song) Samantha Crain (artist) You (Understood) (album)

Break 2 Music: Ksm Xaayda (song) Saltwater Hank (artist) Siip’nsk (album)

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Global business connections are a way to build economic development. But it’s also a way to promote cross-cultural relationships and understanding across borders. The World Indigenous Business Forum aims to strengthen those bonds. The annual forum returns to the U.S. for the first time in nine years with at least 1,000 Indigenous business leaders meeting in Albuquerque to talk about success stories and barriers when it comes to trade across global boundaries. We’ll hear about what they hope to accomplish.

GUESTS

Andrew Carrier (Red River Métis)  vice president of the Manitoba Métis Federation and co-founder of the World Indigenous Business Forum

Wayne Garnons-Williams (Plains Cree from Treaty 6, Moosomin First Nation). chair of International Inter-tribal Trade and Investment Organization

Ron Solimon (Laguna Pueblo) vice chair of Laguna Development Corporation

 

Break 1 Music: How It Came to Be This Way (song) Autumn (artist) The Hating Tree (album)

Break 2 Music: Ksm Xaayda (song) Saltwater Hank (artist) Siip’nsk (album)

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President Joe Biden is taking the historic step to formally apologize for the federal government’s role in the failed Indian Board School era. The first-of-its-kind acknowledgement comes after Department of Interior Secretary Deb Haaland released the final report from a three-year investigation that included formal listening sessions from boarding school survivors and their relatives. The report documented at least 18,000 Native children who were sent to distant live-in schools where they were forced to abandon their languages and cultures. They were subjected to extensive physical and sexual abuse. Nearly 1,000 children died while attending the institutions far from their families. We’ll hear from Sec. Haaland and others who have been working on building the infrastructure of healing from the Boarding School Era.

Deb Haaland (Laguna Pueblo) – Secretary of the U.S. Department of Interior

Denise Lajimodiere (Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa) – co-founder and oral historian with the National Native Boarding School Healing Coalition first Native American poet laureate of North Dakota

Jim LaBelle (Iñupiaq) – board member for the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition

 

President Joe Biden’s remarks from the Gila River Indian Community, Arizona:

Remarks from Interior Secretary Deb Haaland before Pres. Biden’s boarding schools apology:

 

Break 1 Music: Healing Song (song) Red Hawk Medicine Drum (artist) New Beginnings (album)

Break 2 Music: Grateful Sun (song) Mike Bern (artist)

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Every year, thousands of Native Americans are going without the health care they’re entitled to or are risking costly medical bills for treatment that should be covered. A new report by KFF Health News focuses on the Purchased/Referred Care program in which patients seek outside treatment that IHS doesn’t offer. The report says the PRC program denied more than $550 million in payment requests from outside medical facilities in 2022, putting patients on the hook financially. Some tribes with resources are able to establish tribally-run care. Others are working on tribal health insurance programs. We’ll get a look at the problem facing those relying on IHS, and what can be done to solve it.

GUESTS

Misty Heiden (enrolled member of the Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate and a descendent of the Red Lake Nation, Leech Lake Tribe, White Earth Nation, Ponca, and Omaha)

Brian Gunn (member of the Colville Tribe), represents Indian tribes as principal at Powers Law Firm

Arielle  Zionts, rural health reporter with KFF Health News

Captain Joe Bryant (Cherokee Nation), chief executive officer of the Clinton Indian Health Center and lead for PRC agency priorities

Mentioned on the show: IHS Purchased/Referred Care online resources

• PRC Frequently Asked Questions:  https://www.ihs.gov/prc/frequently-asked-questions-faq-s/ 
• PRC Patient Process for Authorization for Payment Infographic:  https://www.ihs.gov/sites/prc/themes/responsive2017/display_objects/documents/PRC-ProcessHandout.pdf 
• PRC Fact Sheet:  https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/factsheets/purchasedreferredcare/ 
• PRC User Guide:  https://www.ihs.gov/sites/prc/themes/responsive2017/display_objects/documents/PRC_Users_Guide_IHS_FINAL.pdf 
• PRC Eligibility: https://www.ihs.gov/prc/eligibility/ 
• PRC Appeal Process:  https://www.ihs.gov/prc/appeal-process/ 
• PRC Patient Rights and Grievances:  https://www.ihs.gov/prc/patient-rights-and-grievances/ 
• PRC Rates Information:  https://www.ihs.gov/prc/prc-rates-information/ 
• Indian Health Manual: Chapter 3 – Purchased/Referred Care: https://www.ihs.gov/ihm/pc/part-2/chapter-3-purchased-referred-care/ 
• PRC Additional Resources:  https://www.ihs.gov/prc/resources/ 

Break 1 Music: Thick as Thieves (song) Blue Moon Marquee (artist) Scream, Holler, and Howl (album)

Break 2 Music: Grateful Sun (song) Mike Bern (artist)

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Some colleges and universities say Native American admissions for the class of 2028 have suffered after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down race-conscious recruitment. Harvard University reports a drop in enrollment for Native students and other students of color. Other colleges say it’s still too early to say. We’ll get an update on the trends for Native enrollment in post-secondary education and how Native students can adjust to the new admissions reality.

GUESTS

Mikaela Crank (Navajo Nation), scholars program director for College Horizons

Sam Ritter, director of the Davis New Mexico Scholarship

Dr. Corey Still (citizen of the United Keetoowah band of Cherokee Indians), senior research director at One Fire Associates, LLC

 

Break 1 Music: Dee Zee (song) The Delbert Anderson Trio (artist) MANITOU (album)

Break 2 Music: Grateful Sun (song) Mike Bern (artist)